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BRAZILIAN
COFFEE
EXPORTERS
Coffee's significance as a Brazilian export product is historically relevant, although coffee, today represents a relatively low percentage of Brazil's exports. There was a time when coffee revenues basically comprised almost 75% of Brazil's foreign reserves. Although Brazilian coffee is not longer considered the best coffee in the world, Brazil is still the top producer and exporter in the world. Much of what is sold as Italian or Swedish coffee is, in actuality, a blend that does include Brazilian coffee.
THE
HISTORY OF COFFEE IN BRAZIL
Coffee
was brought to Brazil from the Guyanas, in the early 1700’s, by a man called
Francisco de Melo Palheta. The story that is told is that Palheta went to
Cayenne with the specific of bringing the plant to Brazil, and befriended the
city’s governor. He brought with him a little plant, that was first planed in
Para, in the North of Brazil, in 1727. The product was initially consumed
domestically, but by the next century, it became an internationally desirable
product.
It
so happens that coffee settled better in the cooler Southeast region, than in
the North. This, of course, change the fortunes in Brazil. In the first 300
years of Brazilian history, the main Brazilian export products were produced in
the Northeast (sugarcane), coastal areas from the Northeast to Rio (pau-brasil),
gold and precious stones (Minas Gerais) and cattle (Minas Gerais). Eventually,
coffee made it down to the Rio de Janeiro province, where it was widely planted
in the Tijuca forest, to Angra dos Reis and Parati. All this changed, as
Brazil’s cash crop of the moment took really well to the Sao Paulo rich soil,
and Brazil became the top producer of this commodity worldwide.
As
a result, the Sao Paulo province went from a somewhat secondary area of the
country, to the major export producer in the country. The state, and the city of
Sao Paulo became extremely wealthy, and the paulistas used their wealth to go
effect, transforming the city and the State into an industrial powerhouse. By
the time coffee had become Brazil’s major commodity, slavery was on the way
out in Brazil, and millions of immigrants were brought into Sao Paulo, by the
State government, to look after the plantations. This further helped Sao
Paulo’s economy, as these immigrants brought with them technology, a different
work ethic and much desire to succeed.
The
production shift, from Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo, also shifted the prominence
of Rio’s port to Santos, and transformation of Sao Paulo into the country’s
major financial center. The effects of it can be seen today, as Sao Paulo
accounts for well over 50% of the country’s GNP. Initially, coffee was planted
in the Paraiba valley, eventually heading towards the interior of the State. As
a result, many railroads were built, which further enhanced Sao Paulo’s
positioning for the future.
For
the largest part of the 20th century, coffee was Brazil’s major cash crop.
Governments did not like that reliance on a single product, which not only
brought vulnerability to the country, also shifted political power in Sao
Paulo’s side. As a result, the policy in the country was to diversify, and
eventually coffee lost its relative importance as major foreign currency
generator. However, the federal government was also interested in the foreign
currency brought into the country by coffee exporters, so coffee was actively
promoted overseas, by an agency called Brazilian Coffee Institute. Some
historians, however, believe that this Institute was primarily created to
cartelize coffee, leaving power in the hands of a few lucky ones, and that
eventually it caused Brazilian coffee’s image problem in overseas markets. The
Institute itself is long defunct. Nowadays, Colombian coffee, to name just one,
has a better image than Brazil’s, in spite of the fact that Brazilian coffee
is just as flavorful and good quality as it was 50 or 60 years ago.
Old
coffee money has also shifted alliances, and many of the old producing families
now concentrate on other cash crops, such as oranges and soybeans, or have
altogether left agriculture, to go into banking, manufacturing and services.
Coffee plantation also depletes the soil of certain nutrients, and eventually,
Sao Paulo (as well as Parana) lost its status as main producing area. Nowadays,
much of the Brazilian coffee hauls from the States of Espirito Santo, Minas
Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.
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AGRIBAHIA SA - R. PORTUGAL 5/7 13TH FLOOR - SALVADOR, BA 40015 - BRAZIL -
PHONE: (71) 2427244 - FAX: (71) 242-6314 - CONTACT: ORLANDO
CORREA NETO
ADALBERTO FERREIRA SA COMISSARIA EXPORTADORA - R. AUGUSTO SEVERO, 7 5
FLOOR - SANTOS, SP - BRAZIL - PHONE (13) 325515
BOZZO BRASIL SA - R. TEOFILO OTONI, 52 - RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ 20090 -
BRAZIL - PHONE: (21) 223-3242 -
FAX: (21) 233-1033
BRANDAO FILHOS SA - PR. DA INGLATERRA 06-10TH FL - SALVADOR BA 40000 -
BRAZIL - PHONE: (71) 2417099 - FAX: (71) 241-8832
CACIQUE EXPORTADORA E IMPORTADORA - AV TIRADENTES 5000 - 86072-360
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CAFE DO PONTO SA - AV. CAFE DO PONTO, 336 - BARUERI SP 06400 - BRAZIL -
PHONE: (11) 4214122 - FAX: (11) 421-4142
CAFENORTE SA IMPORTADORA - AV. N.S. DOS NAVEGANMTES 675 - VITORIA, ES
29000 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (27) 325-3434 - FAX: (21) 235-2789
CAFESUL COM E EXP LTDA - R. RIO ESPERA 514 - BELO HORIZONTE, MG 30710 -
BRAZIL - PHONE: (31) 2121211 - FAX: (31) 278-1290 -
CENTRAL DAS COOPS DO ES - R. ALBERTO OLIVEIRA SANTOS, 40 -
VITORIA, ES 29000 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (27) 2225037
CIA UNIAO DOS REFINADORES - R. BORGES DE FIGUEIREDO, 237 - SAO PAULO, SP
03110 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (11) 948-5166
COCAM CIA DE CAFE SOLUVEL - R.
ATLANTICA 101 - SAO PAULO, SP 01440 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (11) 3061-1888 - FAX: (11)
81-0140
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA EXPORTADORA - CBE - R MIGUEL CALMON 555, S 401 -
40015 SALVADOR BA - BRAZIL - PHONE: (71) 241-5433 - FAX: (71) 241-5691
COMPEL COML. PEQUI LTDA - AV. JOSE ANDRAUS GASSANI, 990 - UBERLANDIA, MG
38400 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (34) 232-0573
COOP CAFEICULTORES POCOS DE CALDAS - AV. JOAO PINHEIRO, 757 - POCOS DE
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9412347 - FAX: (35) 941-2377
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JANEIRO, RJ 20090 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (21) 296-2022
J B COM. INTERNACIONAL LTDA - R. CANARIO, 1227 - SAO PAULO, SP 04521 -
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MANOEL JOAQUIM DE CARVALHO & CIA LTDA - AV DA FRANCA 164 - 40010
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MARCELLINO MARTINS E JOHNSTON EXP - A. ALMIRANTE BARROSO, 52 5TH FL - RIO
DE JANEIRO, RJ 20031 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (21) 2923911 - FAX: (21) 252-3580 -
MCFADDEN & CIA LTDA - R. FORMOSA, 367 17TH CJ 1760 - SAO PAULO, SP
01049 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (11) 222-4533 - FAX: (11) 222-0424
MCKINLAY SA - R. TEOFILO OTONI, 58 RM 701 - RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ 20090 -
BRAZIL - PHONE: (21) 2330474 - FAX: (21) 263-4765
PERACIO EXP CAFE SA - R. DA CANDELARIA, 79 - 5/6TH FLOOR - RIO DE
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PHONE: (21) 224-2639 - FAX: (21) 224-8300
ROTA EXPO LTDA - MINAS GERAIS, 297-18TH FL/ RM 183 - LONDRINA, PR 86100 -
BRAZIL - PHONE: (43) 235218 - FAX: (43) 22-0276
SANBRA SOC ALG DO NE BRAZIL - AV. MARIA COELHO AGUIAR, 215 BL D - SAO
PAULO, SP 05804 - BRAZIL - PHONE: (11) 5451122 - FAX: (11) 545-2943 -
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2349666
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